Which body is primarily responsible for convening a General Court Martial?

The body primarily responsible for convening a General Court Martial is the commanding officer. In the military justice system, the authority to convene a General Court Martial typically lies with a commanding officer who holds the rank of colonel (or its equivalent) or higher. This officer must have jurisdiction over the area where the offenses occurred and the service members involved.

The commanding officer plays a crucial role in ensuring that the process adheres to the principles of justice and fairness, as they are tasked with reviewing the circumstances of the case and determining whether the charges warrant a General Court Martial. Their authority is significant because it reflects the military's chain of command and the necessity for oversight in such serious matters.

In contrast, other bodies like a judicial review board or a military judge alone do not have the authority to convene a General Court Martial. The unit commander might have limited authority depending on rank and specific circumstances but typically does not have the overarching authority granted to a commanding officer of the requisite rank. Therefore, the commanding officer's role is essential in maintaining the integrity and orderly function of military justice.