Which battle is commonly referred to as the turning point of the Civil War by the South?

The Battle of Gettysburg is widely recognized as the turning point of the Civil War, particularly from the perspective of the South. This critical battle took place from July 1 to July 3, 1863, and marked the furthest advance of Confederate forces into the North. The outcome was a significant defeat for the Confederacy, resulting in substantial casualties and the loss of momentum for their campaign.

The importance of this battle lies in its strategic implications and the psychological impact it had on both sides. After Gettysburg, the Confederate Army, led by General Robert E. Lee, was forced to retreat back to Virginia, and the initiative shifted to the Union forces. This battle, coupled with the defeat at Vicksburg around the same time, essentially marked a turning point in the war, as it bolstered Union morale and contributed to the eventual shift in the war's trajectory towards Union victory.

The other battles listed are significant but do not carry the same weight in terms of being a pivotal turning point in the war for the Confederacy. The battles of Antietam and the early engagements at Manassas (Bull Run) were important, but neither matched the scale, impact, nor consequences of Gettysburg as a turning point in the Civil War