What are the two techniques used to orient a map?

The two techniques used to orient a map are compass and terrain association.

Using a compass involves aligning the map with the Earth's magnetic field, allowing the user to determine direction and adjust the map's orientation accordingly. This technique is essential in navigation, especially in unfamiliar terrain where landmarks may not be readily visible.

Terrain association, on the other hand, involves using identifiable physical features in the environment to orient the map. This means matching the features on the map to those found in the actual landscape, allowing the user to see where they are in relation to their surroundings. By using prominent landmarks like hills, rivers, or roads, a person can effectively navigate by correlating the physical terrain with the map.

The effectiveness of these techniques is crucial for proper navigation and ensuring accurate positioning when out in the field.